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Feature / Nature/ Characteristics Of Planning

Definition of Planning:

According to koontz and O’donnell,” Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it.”

Feature / Nature/ Characteristics Of Planning

1) Planning contributes to objectives: - Planning always starts with the determination of objectives. We cannot think of planning in absence of objective. After setting up an objective, planning decide the methods, procedure and steps to achieve those objectives. For an example if an organization has the objective of manufacturing 1500 washing machine in a month, then organization need to plan their activities according to the objective, to achieve their target in desired month.



2) Planning is primary function of management: - The primary or first function of every individual organization is to do planning. No other function can be executed by the organization without performing planning. Because the basic function of planning is to set up an objective, and other function depends upon objects only. For an example the management organizes its work process, authority and responsibility, staffing, etc. after deciding the objective of the organization. 

3) Planning is futuristic / forward looking: - Planning is always means looking ahead. Planning is never done in past. Planning decides the plan of action-What is to be done, how is to be done, when is to be done, by who is to be done, all the managers try to make prediction and assumption for the future and these predictions are made on the basis of past experience. 



4) Planning is continuous: - Planning is the never-ending process which begins with the beginning of business itself and ends with the ending of the business. It means that as long a business exists, the planning process is continuous. 



5) Planning involves decision making process: - The most important function in planning is decision making and this could only happen when various alternatives are available, from which we have to choose the suitable alternative. We cannot imagine planning in absence of choice because if there is no alternative available then there is no requirement of planning. 



6) Planning is mental exercise: - Planning is known as a mental exercise as it is related to higher thinking process before doing something. A planner has mainly to think about the following questions:

             (1) What to do? , (2) How to do it? , (3) When to do it? , (4) Who is to do it?

                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                  Credits:-NCERT Delhi & Other
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